Which process involves using a third party to resolve disputes?

The process of arbitration involves the use of a third party to help resolve disputes. In arbitration, both parties in conflict present their case to an impartial arbitrator, who listens to the evidence and arguments before making a binding decision. This method is often utilized in various fields such as legal disputes, labor negotiations, and commercial conflicts due to its efficiency and the expertise that the arbitrator can bring to the situation.

In contrast, voting, consensus, and referendum focus on collective decision-making or expression of preferences among a group. Voting and referendums are mechanisms for gauging public opinion or making legislative decisions, while consensus involves reaching an agreement that satisfies all parties, often without the involvement of an external mediator. Therefore, arbitration stands out specifically for its structured dispute resolution process involving a neutral third party.